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California History-Social Science Project Primary Sources, Textual and Visual, on the Web October 15 and 18, 2004 | |
| Librarian Contact: Bill Landis, Manuscripts Librarian, Special Collections and Archives, UC Irvine Libraries blandis@uci.edu | |
The Internet and the Web have transformed teaching and research in History in numerous ways. Among these, the Web now provides access to an abundance of primary sources, often beyond what even the best research libraries could provide.This guide provides an introduction to freely available web-based resources for primary materials in World History useful in elementary and secondary curriculum.
Contents:
| 1. Sources for Historical Research: Overview |
Recommended Guides:
| 2. Website Identification and Evaluation |
| 2.1. Access and Identification |
Search Strategies:
Selecting Search
Terms:
Combining Search
Terms:
Using AND
between terms will give you a smaller set of retrievals, while using OR will get
you more retrievals. In other words, the more key words you use (with
and), the smaller your retrieval. For more information, see Boolean Searching: A
Primer (http://sun3.lib.uci.edu/~jariel/booleanjuly02.html).
Search Engines: A handy list of search engines (http://www.lib.uci.edu/online/internet/internet.html) with links located on the UCI Libraries Website.
Web
Directories and Portals:
Selective web directories often can be even more useful than global search engines. These include:
One excellent guide is:
Bare Bones 101: A Very Basic Web Search Tutorial (http://www.sc.edu/beaufort/library/pages/bones/bones.shtml)
(E. Chamberlain, University of South Carolina Beaufort campus)includes Creating a Search Strategy and Basic Search Tips
| 2.2. Selection, Evaluation and Citation |
Websites and internet resources, like any other "publication," require critical asssessment and evaluation. Before you begin, consider criteria for evaluating these sites and their sources and information including the following:
One indicator can be the
other sites and organizations that link to the site. You can identify
these by running a link check from Google by typing "link" and the URL for the
site (for example, link:
http://historymatters.gmu.edu).
| 2.3. Citing Web resources |
The Sample Bibliography in your Unit Bibliographic Assignment provides five examples of citations to Internet/Web sites.
In addition, many style manuals now include sections on how to cite Web/internet resources. The UCI Libraries website provides a sampling of the more important Dictionaries, Styles, Manuals (http://www.lib.uci.edu/online/reference/stylecit.html).
For instance, the MLA (Modern
Language Association style manual) provides instructions to cite web
pages
(http://www.mla.org/publications/style/style_faq/style_faq4).
Click on "Frequently Asked Questions", then click on "How do I document
sources from the World Wide Web?"
| 3. General History: Selected Web Resources |
The following sites are generally
available free to the public. They may provide leads to primary and/or
secondary sources as well as graphic images for curriculum projects. Please keep
in mind that the Web is HUGE and the sites below are extremely selective.
Use links from these pages and the search engine(s) and web directories listed
in Section #2 above to expand on this list. Remember to apply search strategy
principles that you have used in searching other resources, e.g., careful
selection and combination of key words, etc.
Repsitories
of Primary Sources (http://www.uidaho.edu/special-collections/Other.Repositories.html) (University of Idaho Libraries)
"A listing of over 5300 websites
describing holdings of manuscripts, archives, rare books, historical
photographs, and other primary sources for the research scholar. All
| Recommended General History Sites |
American
and British History Resources on the Internet
(http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/rr_gateway/research_guides/history/history.shtml) Produced by the History and
Political Science librarian at Rutgers, includes full-text documents by period
as well as subject sections.
Early Modern Women
Database
(http://www.lib.umd.edu/ETC/LOCAL/emw/emw.php3) Provides links to Web resources useful for the study of women in early
modern Europe and the Americas. It focuses on the period ca. 1500 to ca. 1800.
Resources have been selected for their scholarly value by librarians of the Arts
and Humanities Team of the University of Maryland Libraries. Materials range
from bibliographic databases to full-text resources, images, and sound
recordings. Most of the resources linked here are free. Some require a license
for access.
Eighteenth-Century
Resources
(http://newark.rutgers.edu/%7Ejlynch/18th/history.html) Aimed especially at scholars and students, this collection of websites
by Jack Lynch at Rutgers includes information on literature, history, art,
music, religion, economics, philosophy, and so on, from around the world, as
well as the home pages of societies and people who work on eighteenth-century
topics.
The History Place
(http://www.historyplace.com/) Includes graphics, photos,
timelines for U.S. History including American Revolution, Civil War,
etc.
H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences
Online
(http://www.h-net.org/) Teaching section includes extensive collection of teaching resources
including teaching focused discussion network (one focuses on teaching High
School history), H-Net regional teaching centers, syllabi, links, conference
papers on multimedia teaching, and web-based teaching projects.
HyperHistory
Online
(http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/a.html) Provides 2,000 files covering 3,000 years of world history with a
combination of colorful graphics, lifelines, timelines, and maps. An
amazing site with useful links and information integrated throughout. For
example, click on History among left hand navigation buttons, then choose a time
period.
Internet Modern History
Sourcebook
(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html) "One of series of history primary sourcebooks. It is intended to serve
the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European
history and American history, as well as in modern Western Civilization
and World Cultures...efforts have been made to include contemporary narrative
accounts, personal memoirs, songs, newspaper reports, as well as cultural,
philosophical, religious and scientific documents. Although the history of
social and cultural elite groups remains important to historians, the lives of
non-elite women, people of color, lesbians and gays are also well represented
here." For more information, click on Introduction from top
page.
Includes among many other sections:
Voice of the Shuttle: History
Page
(http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2713) An
excellent gateway to many web resources for history. Provides access by
geographic area as well as selected topics and teaching resources. "VoS is woven by Alan
Liu of the U. California, Santa Barbara, English Department, with a team of
department graduate students and others. "
World Wide Web Virtual Library History Central Catalog
(http://vlib.iue.it/history/index.html) An
integrated and international network of indexes to history materials
online. The oldest historical information resource on the Internet. Access
components include: Countries and Regions; Eras and Epochs; Historical Topics;
and Research: Methods and Materials.
Note: The Art section includes
many websites providing graphics and images.
| 4. Selected World History Websites |
| 4.1. General World History Sites |
World
History Matters
(http://chnm.gmu.edu/whm/) (Center for History and New Media, George Mason University) Includes:
| 4.2. Sample Sites for Specific Topics |
The Cold War:
Cold War: From Yalta to Malta
(CNN)
(http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/) This CNN Perspectives series explores the Cold War experience. Included
are interactive maps, rare video footage, declassified documents, biographies,
picture galleries, timelines, games and simulations, interactive activities, a
search function, book excerpts, an educator's guide and more.
Cold War Hot Links (http://www.stmartin.edu/~dprice/cold.war.html)
Cold
War International History Project (http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home) (Woodrow Wilson International Center
for Scholars)
The Cold War Museum (http://www.coldwar.org/)
The National Archives (United Kingdom) Learning Curve: The Cold War (http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/default.htm)
Economic History:
The Food Timeline
(http://www.gti.net/mocolib1/kid/food.html) The Food Timeline
was created in response to students, parents and teachers who frequently ask our
librarians for help locating food history and period recipes ... Description:
Origins of foods, historic recipes, extensive teaching resources and web
links.
Islam:
Internet Islamic History
Sourcebook
(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html) "This massive database of primary and secondary source material on the
Islamic world is a subsidiary to the larger Internet History Sourcebook project.
The title is somewhat misleading as the term “Islamic History” usually refers to
the history of Islam in the pre-modern period. This sourcebook, however,
includes sources on Islamic history and sources specific to the Middle East and
North Africa in the modern period. Materials include links to text excerpts
available in the public domain, audio, and websites that offer both primary and
secondary material. In all cases, the editor notes whether a source is primary
or secondary or whether it comes from another website."
Ancient World:
Ancient World Web (http://www.julen.net/ancient/)
Medieval History and Early
Modern History:
Internet East Asian History Sourcebook (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html)
Internet Medieval Sourcebook (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html)
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Early Modern World (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook03.html)
Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Early Modern West (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook1.html)
Medieval
History
(http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/Medieval.html) An Award winning Educational Reference site to research all aspects of
Medieval History
WWW Virtual Library History Index Medieval Europe (http://www.msu.edu/~georgem1/history/medieval.htm)
The New World:
The Atlantic Slave Trade and
Slave Life in the Americas: A Visual Record
(http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery/) "The hundreds of images in
this collection have been selected from a wide range of sources, most of them
dating from the period of slavery." Illustrated are the "experiences of Africans
who were enslaved and transported to the Americas and the lives of their
descendants in the slave societies of the New World." Searchable by keyword (be
sure to use the search button), browsable by categories. From the University of
Virginia Library.
Fact, Fiction
and the New World
(http://www.humanities-interactive.org/newworld/fact_fict/) An exhibit that explores the history of printing and the resulting
explosion of ideas for and about the New World. Text is in both English and
Spanish.
Vikings: the North Atlantic
Saga
(http://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/) A
site about the Scandinavian discovery of North America over 1000 years ago.
"Presented through a spectacular array of artifacts and archeological finds, the
exhibit explores a previously unknown chapter in the history of North America."
View the voyage in standard or enhanced versions. Sections for points along the
journey include Archaeology, Sagas, Environment, and History. From the
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
Revolutions:
The Development of
Civilization - World History - Revolutions
(http://history.evansville.net/revoluti.html) Includes sections with many
resources and links: American Revolution; French Revolution; Political
Revolution; Scientific Revolution; Art.
Social
History: Revolutions and Social Movements
(http://www.combose.com/Society/History/By_Topic/Social_History/Revolutions_and_Social_Movements/)
Part of the Open Door Web Site Project, "the largest, most
comprehensive human-edited directory of the Web." Includes links
to sites on a number of different revolutions.
World Wars:
Rutgers Oral
History Archives of World War II
(http://fas-history.rutgers.edu/oralhistory/orlhom.htm) This site also covers Korean War,
Vietnam and the Cold War.
| 5. U.S. History: Selected Web Resources |
5.1. Excerpt from the Best of History Websites |
Library of Congress
An outstanding and invaluable
site for American history and general studies. Contains primary and secondary
documents, exhibits, map collections, prints and photographs, sound recordings
and motion pictures. The LOC's American Memory Historical Collections, a
must-see, contains the bulk of digitalized materials, but the Exhibitions
Gallery is enticing and informative as well. The LOC also offers a Learning Page
that provides activities, tools, ideas, and features for educators and
students.
History Matters
A production of the American
Social History Project/Center of Media and Learning, City of University New
York, and the Center for History and New Media, George Mason University, History
Matters is a wonderful online resource for history teachers and students. Among
the many digital resources are lesson plans, syllabi, links, and exhibits.
Includes 900 first-person historical documents in text, image, and audio as well
as an annotated guide to 700 quality websites for history.
PBS Online
A great source for information
on a myriad of historical events and personalities. PBS's assorted and diverse
web exhibits supplement their television series and generally include a resume
of each episode, interviews (often with sound bites), a timeline, primary
sources, a glossary, photos, maps, and links to relevant sites. PBS productions
include American Experience, Frontline and People's Century.
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History[JA note: See also www.learner.org Teacher Professional Development ResourcesA partnership between The Annenberg Foundation and The Corporation for Public Broadcasting to advance
excellent teaching in American schools. See especially Primary Sources: Workshops in American History : a video workshop for high school teachers; 8 one-hour video programs, workshop guide, and Web site]
CNN.com Archives
The CNN Archives feature
special in-depth reports on key current American (and World) events, issues and
personalities. Most special reports supply historical overviews, articles,
photographs, timelines or chronologies, video clips, maps, interviews, sources
and more.
| 5.2. General U.S. History Sites |
The following list is just a sampling; there are many more "out there" waiting to be discovered.
American Memory: Historical Collections for
the National Digital Library
A gateway to rich primary
source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States
with special sections on how to incorporate these resources into lesson plans.
The site offers more than 7 million digital items from more than 100 historical
collections. Covers a wide range of topics including immigration, Civil
War, African Americans, Japanese Internment, folk music, Thomas Jefferson, to
name just a few, providing texts and images.
Bring History
Alive
Profiles two sourcebooks for teaching U.S. History and World History in
grades 5-12 from National Center for History in the Schools. Website
includes 3 examples from U.S. History and 3 from World History.
Digital Scriptorium:
Duke University
includes, for
instance:
Ad*Access
(1911-1955)
African-American
Women
Documents from the Women's
Liberation Movement
Emergence of Advertising in
America, 1850-1920
Documents in Law, History,
and Government: The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School
Providessome useful documents
in U.S. history arranged by time period: pre-18th century; 18th century; 19th
century; 20th century; and 21st century. Includes a search
engine.
From Revolution to Reconstruction and What
Happened Afterward
A Hypertext on American
History from the colonial period until Modern Times produced by the Department
of Humanities Computing, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. "The main
body of this hypertext project, which was started in 1994, comes from a number
of USIA-publications: An Outline of American History, An Outline of the American
Economy, An Outline of American Government, and An Outline of American
Literature. The text of these Outlines has not been changed, but they have been
enriched with hypertext-links to relevant documents, original essays, other
Internet sites, and to other Outlines."
The Making of America
"Making of America (MOA) is a
digital library of primary sources in American social history from the
antebellum period through reconstruction. The collection is particularly strong
in the subject areas of education, psychology, American history, sociology,
religion, and science and technology. The collection currently contains
approximately 8,500 books and 50,000 journal articles with 19th century
imprints. The project represents a major collaborative endeavor in preservation
and electronic access to historical texts."
Online Archive of California
"A core component of
the California Digital Library, the Online Archive of California (OAC) is a
digital information resource that facilitates and provides access to materials
such as manuscripts, photographs, and works of art held in libraries, museums,
archives, and other institutions across California. The OAC is available to a
broad spectrum of users -students, teachers, and researchers of all
levels."
| 5.3. Sample Sites on Specific Topic/History Areas |
In addition to the examples listed above, the following offer more disclipline and/or topic specific sources and information.
Abolitionist Movement:
African American Mosaic: Abolition (Library of Congress)
Abolition, Anti-Slavery Movements, and the Rise of the Sectional Controversy (Library of Congress)
American Revolution:The History Place: American Revolution
Liberty the American
Revolution
Includes:
California:
American Memory:
"California As I Saw It"
First person
narratives
American Memory: Early California History
California History Online
California
Historical Society
Counting California.
1850-
A
California Digital Library initiative committed to enhancing California
citizens' access to the growing range of social science and economic data
produced by government agencies. In a departure from more static formats,
Counting California's single interface enables users access to actual raw data
compiled by federal, state, and local agencies, and also allows users to collate
and integrate data by topic, geography, title, and provider.
Online Archive of California (OAC)
"A digital
information resource that facilitates and provides access to materials such as
manuscripts, photographs, and works of art held in libraries, museums, archives,
and other institutions across California. The OAC includes a single,
searchable database of "finding aids" to primary sources and their digital
facsimiles. Primary sources include letters, diaries, manuscripts, legal and
financial records, photographs and other pictorial items, maps, architectural
and engineering records, artwork, scientific logbooks, electronic records, sound
recordings, oral histories artifacts and ephemera."
The Civil War:
Civil War Women (from Duke University)
Valley of the Shadow: Two
Communities in the American Civil War
One of the very best Civil War
sites, "The Valley of the Shadow Project takes two communities, one Northern and
one Southern, through the experience of the American Civil War. The project is a
hypermedia archive of thousands of sources for the period before, during, and
after the Civil War for Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County,
Pennsylvania. Those sources include newspapers, letters, diaries, photographs,
maps, church records, population census, agricultural census, and military
records. Students can explore every dimension of the conflict and write their
own histories, reconstructing the life stories of women, African Americans,
farmers, politicians, soldiers, and families. The project is intended for
secondary schools, community colleges, libraries, and
universities.
Voices from the Days of Slavery:
Former Slaves Tell Their Stories (Library of Congress Folklife
Center)
The Cold
War:
The National Archives Learning Curve: The Cold War
The Constitution:
The
Charters of Freedom (National Archives)
Covers Declaration of
Independence, The Constitution, and the Bill of Right as well as the Founding
Fathers
Economic History:
The Food Timeline
The Food Timeline
was created in response to students, parents and teachers who frequently ask our
librarians for help locating food history and period recipes ... Description:
Origins of foods, historic recipes, extensive teaching resources and web
links.
Great Depression:
America From the Great
Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI 1935-1945
"More than 160,000
black and white and 1600 color photographs from the Farm Security Administration
- Office of War Information collection have been digitized. Includes scenes of
rural and small-town life, migrant labor, the effects of the Great Depression
and mobilization for World War II. Keyword searchable and browsable by subject,
creator (photographers such as Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Ben Shahn, and
Gordon Parks) and place. From the American Memory Project of the Library of
Congress."
An
American Exodus: Displacement in the 1930's
This is brief "documentation,
in photographs and text, of the mass migrations of the 1930's caused by changes
within the regionally varied agricultural traditions throughout the country." It
discusses the work of photographer Dorothea Lange and writer Paul Schuster
Taylor.
The Dust
Bowl
"An
exhibit "featuring Documentary Photographs from the Farm Security Administration
file and Companion Photographs taken in the late 1970s by Bill Ganzel," with
"texts adapted from oral history interviews with Dust Bowl Survivors." There are
learning activities for students and lesson guides for teachers."
The New Deal
Network
Franklin and
Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and Institute for Learning Technologies, Teachers
College, Columbia University. A database of more than 20,000 items relating to
the New Deal. A "Document Library" contains more than 700 newspaper and journal
articles, speeches, letters, reports, advertisements, and other textual
materials, treating a broad array of subjects relevant to the period's social,
cultural, political, and economic history, while placing special emphasis on New
Deal relief agencies and issues relating to labor, education, agriculture, the
Supreme Court, and African Americans.
Portrait of
America: Survey Graphic in the Thirties
"An anthology of articles from
Survey Graphic, a magazine which, in the 1930s, provided a public forum
for discussions about unemployment, labor unrest, race relations, healthcare,
and technological change."
Visions In the Dust: A Child's
Perspective of the Dust Bowl
"This classroom guide will
help students understand "Dust Bowl history through the eyes of a child. Using
Karen Hesse's Newbery Award-winning Out of the Dust as an
introduction...students have the opportunity to identify with the personal
experiences of youth in the 1930s. In addition, students examine primary source
materials of the period to correlate the fictional text with actual visual,
auditory, and manuscript accounts as found in the [Library of Congress] American
Memory collections."
Immigration:
American Family History Center: Ellis
Island
Located in the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and on the World Wide
Web, the American FamilyImmigration History Center (AFIHC) allows visitors to
explore the extraordinary collection of immigrant arrival records stored in the
Ellis Island Archives.
Immigration:
The Changing Face of America (Library of Congress)
Includes resources, lessons
and projects, bibliography, etc.
Industrial Revolution:
Internet
Documentatires(Ohio State)
includes:
Lewis and Clark:
Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan: The Lewis and Clark Expedition (National Archives)
Lewis and Clark (PBS Online)
Lewis and Clark
(National Geographic)
Native Americans:
WWW Virtual Library: American
Indians
An index of several thousand organized links to Native American and
related websites
American Indian History and Related
Issues
This world wide site is a developing site supervised by Professor Troy
Johnson and is dedicated to the presentation of unique artwork, photographs,
video and sound recordings which accurately reflect the history, culture and
richness of the Native American experience in North America and has been
expanded to include Indian people of Central America and Mexico
Revolutions:
The Development of
Civilization - World History - Revolutions
Includes sections with many
resources and links: American Revolution; French Revolution; Political
Revolution; Scientific Revolution; Art.
Social
History: Revolutions and Social Movements
Part of the Open Directory
Project, "the largest, most comprehensive human-edited directory of the
Web." Includes links to sites on a number of different
revolutions.
Vietnam War:
The Vietnam War: Annotate Internet Resources
Women's History:
American
Women's History: A Research Guide Digital Collections of Primary
Sources
An exceptional and exceptionally
thorough guide to web and print resources for the multiple aspects of Women's
History. The Subject Index to Research Sources and the Digital Collections of
Primary Sources are particularly valuable.
Women and Social Movements in the United
States
"Organized around a collection of over 1000 primary documents, the Women
and Social Movements website offers new ways for students, teachers, and
scholars to study American History." As of September 2003, half of the
site is freely available; the other half, supplemented by a rich array of
additional online resources, is available as a licensed resource from within the
UCI Libraries.
Women Working in the United States,
1870-1930 (Harvard University)
Still under development, this site
will provide access to books, pamphlets, manuscripts and images; currently
includes 450+ digitized documents.